*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:24px}body{margin:0;background:#fff;color:#25313c;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,"Noto Sans JP",sans-serif;line-height:1.95;font-size:17px}a{color:#245b91;text-underline-offset:4px}button,input{font:inherit}button{cursor:pointer}.skip{position:absolute;top:-100px}.skip:focus{top:0;background:#fff;padding:12px;z-index:10}header{border-bottom:1px solid #dce4ea;padding:16px 5%;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px;justify-content:space-between;font-size:14px}header a{text-decoration:none}main{max-width:1120px;margin:0 auto;padding:40px 24px 70px}.reading{max-width:790px}.eyebrow{color:#426b87;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.12em}h1{font-size:clamp(28px,5vw,44px);line-height:1.5;margin:16px 0}h2{font-size:26px;line-height:1.6;margin:56px 0 22px;color:#1f4f76;border-bottom:2px solid #dceaf3;padding-bottom:12px}h3{font-size:20px;line-height:1.7;margin:32px 0 12px}p{margin:16px 0}small,.muted{color:#526776;font-size:14px}.lead{font-size:19px;line-height:1.9}.tools{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;margin:24px 0}button,.action{border:1px solid #b9ccdb;border-radius:6px;background:#fff;color:#245b91;padding:8px 12px;text-decoration:none}.term{font:inherit;line-height:inherit;padding:0;border:none;border-radius:0;background:none;border-bottom:1px dotted #608aac;color:inherit}.term:hover,.term:focus{color:#245b91;background:#eef6fc}.parts,.cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:20px}.part,.card{border:1px solid #d8e3eb;border-radius:10px;padding:24px;background:#fafcfe}.part h2{font-size:21px;margin:10px 0 20px}.part ol{padding-left:24px}.part li{margin:12px 0}.cover{padding:38px;border-left:10px solid #315b82;background:#f1f6fa;border-radius:8px}.flow{list-style:none;padding:0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px}.flow li{background:#eef5fa;padding:16px;border-top:3px solid #6d91ad;font-size:15px}.flow b{display:block;color:#245b91}.issue{background:#faf6ee;border-left:4px solid #bf9b59;padding:16px}.toc{background:#f7fafc;border:1px solid #dce6ec;padding:18px;border-radius:8px}.toc summary{cursor:pointer;font-weight:700}.toc ol{padding-left:25px}.toc li{margin:8px 0}.map{margin:24px 0;border:1px solid #cfdee9;padding:8px;border-radius:8px}.map svg{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.markers circle{fill:#215b89;stroke:#fff;stroke-width:2}.markers text{fill:white;font-size:15px;font-weight:700}.map-legend{display:flex;gap:10px 30px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-left:26px;font-size:15px}.map figcaption p{font-size:12px;margin:8px;color:#526776}.timeline{list-style:none;padding:0}.timeline li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:130px 1fr;gap:20px;border-left:3px solid #d5e4f0;padding:12px 16px;margin:0}.timeline strong{color:#245b91}.timeline p{margin:5px 0;font-size:15px}.supplement{border-top:1px solid #dce4ea;padding:6px 0 18px}.materials img{max-width:100%;max-height:560px;object-fit:contain;height:auto;display:block;margin:auto}.materials figure{margin:20px 0;padding:16px;background:#f7f9fa}.materials figcaption{font-size:13px;line-height:1.9}.table-wrap{overflow:auto}table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:15px}th,td{padding:12px;border:1px solid #dae3e9;text-align:left;vertical-align:top}th{background:#edf4f9}.references{font-size:13px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.person,.note{padding:10px 0 20px;border-bottom:1px solid #e0e7ec}.person h3,.note h3{margin:15px 0 8px}.note .answer{font-weight:700;color:#245b91}.question{padding:15px;background:#f5f9fc;margin:14px 0}.question summary{cursor:pointer}.chapter-nav{display:flex;gap:20px;justify-content:space-between;margin-top:50px;border-top:1px solid #dde6ec;padding-top:20px}.chapter-nav a{flex:1}.chapter-nav a:last-child{text-align:right}footer{padding:30px 24px;border-top:1px solid #dce4ea;text-align:center;font-size:13px}dialog{max-width:600px;width:calc(100% - 32px);border:1px solid #9db6c9;border-radius:10px;padding:24px;color:#25313c}dialog::backdrop{background:#16314788}.search label{display:block}.search input{width:100%;padding:12px;border:1px solid #9bb4c8;border-radius:6px}.search-results{padding-left:24px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.search-results li{margin:15px 0}.search-results small{display:block}body.large .reading{font-size:20px}body.large .reading p{font-size:inherit}.glossary dt{color:#245b91;font-weight:700;margin:24px 0 8px}.glossary dd{margin-left:0}.progress{font-size:14px;color:#48687e}@media(max-width:650px){main{padding:24px 18px 50px}.parts,.cards{grid-template-columns:1fr}.cover{padding:24px}.flow{grid-template-columns:1fr}.flow li:not(:last-child):after{content:"↓";display:block;text-align:center;color:#557b98}.timeline li{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:2px}.chapter-nav{flex-direction:column}.chapter-nav a:last-child{text-align:left}h2{font-size:23px}h3{font-size:19px}}@media print{header,footer,.tools,.search,.chapter-nav,.progress,.skip,dialog{display:none!important}body{font-size:11pt;color:#000}.reading,main{max-width:none;padding:0}.term{border:0}h2,h3{break-after:avoid}.map,figure,table{break-inside:avoid}a{color:#000;text-decoration:none}.toc{display:none}}

/* Book navigation and search, on every world history page. */
.visually-hidden{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip-path:inset(50%);white-space:nowrap;border:0}
header{align-items:center}header .book-nav{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px;margin-left:auto}header .book-nav a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:40px;padding:6px 10px;border-radius:5px}header .book-nav a:hover{background:#edf3f4;text-decoration:underline}header .header-search{display:flex;gap:6px;align-items:center;margin:0;max-width:100%;min-width:0}header .header-search input{width:200px;min-width:0;min-height:40px;padding:7px 10px;border:1px solid #b7c8c8;border-radius:5px;background:#fff;color:#25313c;font-size:14px}header .header-search button{min-height:40px;padding:6px 12px;white-space:nowrap;background:#244a58;border-color:#244a58;color:#fff;font-size:14px}header :focus-visible{outline:3px solid #ac8855;outline-offset:3px}
@media(max-width:760px){header .book-nav{margin-left:0}header .header-search{width:100%}header .header-search input{flex:1;width:0}header .header-search button{min-width:64px}}

/* Keep search available while reading; anchor offsets follow the actual header height. */
html{scroll-padding-top:var(--book-header-height,128px)}
body>header,body.wh-home>header{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:50;background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid #dce4ea;box-shadow:0 3px 12px #1938480a;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;gap:8px 14px}
.skip:focus{position:fixed;z-index:60}
@media(max-width:760px){body>header,body.wh-home>header{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;padding:8px 16px;gap:4px 8px}body>header>a{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:0;line-height:1.5}header .book-nav{flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:0}body.wh-home>header nav a,header .book-nav a{font-size:11px;min-height:32px;padding:4px 6px}header .header-search{grid-column:1/-1}header .header-search input{font-size:16px;min-height:38px;padding:5px 10px}header .header-search button{min-height:38px}}
@media print{html{scroll-padding-top:0}}
/* Geography, artifacts and primary-source reading. */
.refined-map{padding:18px;background:#fbfaf6;border:1px solid #d7dfd9;border-radius:14px;box-shadow:0 10px 28px #283a3510}.map-heading{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin-bottom:16px}.map-heading b{display:block;font-size:16px;color:#314b47}.map-kicker{display:block;font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.16em;color:#847153}.map-expand{font-size:12px;white-space:nowrap;border-color:#c7d6ce;color:#36594f}.map-graticule{fill:none;stroke:#bdd4d8;stroke-width:1;opacity:.55}.map-land{fill:#faf8eb;stroke:#839b8b;stroke-width:1.2;stroke-linejoin:round}.map-area-label{fill:#627e83;font-family:serif;font-size:23px;text-anchor:middle;letter-spacing:4px}.map-points path{fill:none;stroke:#783849;stroke-width:2}.map-location{fill:#783849;stroke:#fff;stroke-width:2}.map-number{fill:#783849;stroke:#fff9;stroke-width:3}.map-points text{fill:#fff;font-size:23px;font-weight:700;text-anchor:middle}.map-compass{fill:#405b60;text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px}.map-scale rect{fill:#fff;opacity:.82}.map-scale path{fill:none;stroke:#405b60;stroke-width:2}.map-scale text{fill:#405b60;font-size:16px;text-anchor:middle}.refined-map .map-legend{list-style:none;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:9px 18px;padding:0;margin:18px 0}.map-legend li{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:9px;font-size:14px}.map-legend li span{display:inline-flex;flex:none;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:24px;height:24px;background:#783849;color:#fff;border-radius:50%;font-size:12px}.map-dialog{width:calc(100% - 24px);max-width:1200px;max-height:92vh;padding:20px;overflow:auto}.map-dialog-toolbar{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:12px}.map-dialog-toolbar h2{margin:0;border:0;padding:0;font-size:20px}.map-dialog-content .map-heading{display:none}.map-dialog-content .refined-map{margin:0;padding:12px;overflow:auto}.map-dialog-content svg{min-width:720px}.document-reading{margin:48px 0;padding:26px;border:1px solid #ddd8ca;border-left:4px solid #9b7c48;border-radius:8px;background:#fdfbf6}.document-reading h2{margin:10px 0 22px;color:#554737;border-color:#e6ddca}.document-type{font-size:12px;color:#87704d;letter-spacing:.03em}.materials figure{border:1px solid #e1e3dd;border-radius:12px;background:#f8f7f2;padding:24px}.materials figcaption{margin-top:20px}.map-expand:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #8f6842;outline-offset:3px}@media(max-width:650px){.refined-map{padding:12px}.map-heading b{font-size:14px}.refined-map .map-legend{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:8px}.document-reading{padding:20px 16px}.map-dialog{padding:14px}.map-dialog-toolbar h2{font-size:17px}.materials figure{padding:16px}}@media print{.map-expand{display:none}}